Resource Guide for Canadian Indian Treaties

• Finding the Text of Treaties
• Listing of Treaties online and in the U of A Libraries collection
• Finding Background Information:
• Finding Books
• Finding Journal Articles
• Resources for Getting Started: Online Resources, Bibliographies, etc.
     

Finding the Text of Treaties in the Library Catalogue

When looking for the text of a treaty, try looking up the name of the treaty, or the names of the parties to the treaty as title keywords.
Example Library Catalogue Advanced searches:

• Title: Treaty No. 6
• Title: Treaty 8    Subject: Indians of North America
• Title: Cree and treaty    Subject: Indians of North America
  

Finding the Text of Treaties in Legal Databases

Listing of Treaties

• Historic Treaty Information (Indian and Northern Affairs Canada)
  - Treaty Text
  
• Digital collection of selected historical treaty documents (National Archives of Canada)
  
• See also: Atlas of Historical Indian Treaties (Natural Resources Canada)
  
  
  
• Royal Proclamation of 1763 (U.K.).  Revised Statues of Canada 1985, Appendix 2, no. 1.  Ottawa, ON : Queen's Printer for Canada, 1985.
  GOV DOC CA1 YX 44-/ 1985 -- UA Rutherford N Flr 1 Reference
  
  
• Treaties 1 and 2 between Her Majesty the Queen and the Chippewa and Cree Indians of Manitoba and country adjacent with adhesions.   Ottawa, ON : Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationary, 1957.
  GOV DOC CA1 CI 72-01/ 1957 -- UA Rutherford S Flr 2
  
  
• Treaty no. 3 between Her Majesty the Queen and the Saulteaux tribe of the Ojibbeway Indians at the Northwest angle on the Lake of the Woods with adhesions.  Ottawa, ON : E. Cloutier, Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationary, 1957.
  GOV DOC CA1 CI 72-03/ 1957 -- UA Rutherford S Flr 2
  
  
• Treaty no. 4 between Her Majesty the Queen and the Cree and Saulteaux tribes of Indians at Qu'Appelle and Fort Ellice.  Ottawa, ON : Queen's Printer, 1957.
  GOV DOC CA1 CI 72-04/ 1957 -- UA Rutherford S Flr 2
  
  
• Treaty no. 5 between Her Majesty the Queen and the Saulteaux and Swampy Cree tribes of Indians at Beren's River and Norway House with adhesions.  Ottawa, ON : Queen's Printer, 1957.
  GOV DOC CA1 CI 72-05/ 1957 -- UA Rutherford S Flr 2
  
  
• Copy of Treaty no. 6 between Her Majesty the Queen and the Plain and Wood Cree Indians and other tribes of Indians at Fort Carlton, Fort Pitt and Battle River with adhesions.  Ottawa, ON : Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationary, 1957.
  GOV DOC CA1 CI 72-06/ 1957 -- UA Rutherford S Flr 2
  
  

• Copy of Treaty and supplementary Treaty no. 7, made 22nd Sept., and 4th Dec., 1877, between Her Majesty the Queen and the Blackfeet and other Indian tribes at the Blackfoot crossing of Bow River and Fort MacLeod.  Ottawa, ON : Reprinted from the edition of 1877 by Edmond Cloutier, Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationary, 1957.
  E 99 S54 G78 1877 -- UA Book and Record Depository (BARD)
  

• The James Bay Treaty : Treaty no. 9 (made in 1905 and 1906) and adhesions made in 1929 and 1930.  Ottawa, ON : R. Duhamel, Queen's Printer, 1964.
  GOV DOC CA1 CI 72-09/ 1964 -- UA Rutherford S Flr 2
  
  
• Treaty no. 10 and reports of commissioners.  Ottawa, ON : Queen's Printer, 1966.
  GOV DOC CA1 CI 72-10/ 1966 -- UA Rutherford S Flr 2
  
  
• Treaty no. 11 (June 27, 1921) and adhesion (July 17, 1922) with reports.  Ottawa, ON : Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationary, 1957.
  GOV DOC CA1 CI 72-11/ 1957 -- UA Rutherford S Flr 2
  
  
• Copy of the treaty made November 15, 1923 between His Majesty the King and the Mississauga Indians of Rice Lake, Mud Lake, Scugog Lake and Alderville.  Ottawa, ON : E. Cloutier, Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationary, 1957.
  KF 8205 C23 1957 -- UA Weir Law Library
  
  
• Copy of the Robinson Treaty made in the year 1850 with the Ojibewa Indians of Lake Huron, conveying certain lands to the Crown.  Ottawa, ON : Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationary, 1964. GOV DOC CA1 CI 72-13/ 1964 -- UA Rutherford S Flr 2
  
  
• Copy of the Treaty made October 31, 1923 between His Majesty the King and the Chippewa Indians of Christian Island, Georgina Island and Rama.  Ottawa, ON : Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationary, 1967.
  E 99 C6 C785 1967 -- UA Weir Law Library
  
  
• The James Bay and Northern Quebec atreement : Agreement between the Government of Quebec, the Societe d'energie de la Baie James, the Societe de development de la Baie James, the Commission Hydroelectrique de Quebec (Hydro-Quebec) and the Grand Council of the Crees (of Quebec), the Northern Quebec Inuit Association and the Governement of Canada.  [Quebec] : Editeur officiel du Quebec, 1976.
  GOV DOC CA1 Z9- 1976/ -- UA Rutherford S Flr 2
  
  
• The James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement, the Northeastern Quebec Atreement, annual report.  Ottawa, ON : Indian and Northern Affairs, 1986-.
  GOV DOC CA1 R 71-38/ 1964 -- UA Rutherford S Flr 2
  
  
• The Western Arctic claim : the Inuvialuit final agreement.  Ottawa, ON : Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, 1984.
  GOV DOC CA1 R 32-56/ 1984 -- UA Rutherford S Flr 2
  
  
• Comprehensive land claim agreement in principle between Canada and the Dene Nation and the Metis Association of the Northwest Territories.  Ottawa, ON : Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, 1988.
  GOV DOC CA1 R 32-84/ 1988 -- UA Rutherford S Flr 2
  
  
• Comprehensive land claim agreement in principle between Canada, the Council for Yukon Indians and Government of the Yukon.  Ottawa, ON : Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, 1989.
  GOV DOC CA1 R 32-87/ 2- 1989 -- UA Rutherford S Flr 2
  
  
• Gwich'in comprehensive land claim agreement.  Ottawa, ON : Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, 1992.
  GOV DOC CA1 R 32-121/ 1992 -- UA Rutherford S Flr 2
  
  
• Agreement between the Inuit of the Nunavut Settlement Area and Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada.  Ottawa, ON : Under the joint authority of the Tungavik Federation of Nunavut and the Honourable Tom Siddon, Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development, 1993.
  GOV DOC CA1 R 32-134/ 1993 -- UA Rutherford S Flr 2

Finding Books

When looking for books about Canadian Indian Treaties, search the NEOS Libraries Catalogue by subject or keyword. 
Examples of Subject headings for Canadian Indian Treaties:

• Cree Indian Treaties
• Indians of North America Alberta Treaties
• Indians of North America Canada Constitutional Law
• Indians of North America Canada Land Transfer
• Indians of North America Canada Claims
• Indians of North America Canada Government Relations
• Inuit Canada
   

Finding Journal Articles

To find journal articles about Treaties and related issues, try searching subjects and keywords such as: treaties, Indians of North America Alberta claims, or land claims in the following databases:

• Bibliography of Native North Americans 
  The Bibliography of Native North Americans, from Human Relations Area Files (HRAF), is an electronic publication that contains the citations from the cumulative eight volumes of the Ethnographic Bibliography of North America as well as additional new citations.  The Bibliography of Native North Americans covers native peoples of North America, also including Inuit of Greenland and eastern Siberia, and natives of Mexico north of the northern boundary of Mesoamerica. Cites books, journal articles, essays, conference papers, dissertations and US government documents. Excludes unpublished material, maps, AV materials, and newspaper articles. Citations are indexed by subject, ethnographic region and ethnic group.
  
  
• Canadian Business and Current Affairs (CBCA)
  Indexes Canadian academic, general interest and industry periodicals. It includes over 600 periodicals, significant articles from 8 daily newspapers, and a selection of electronic sources. CBCA includes reviews of books, movies, music, theatre, software, and the arts. Starting in 1993, full-text has been included from The Financial Post, Canadian Press Newswire, CBC broadcast transcripts, CNI-Clips, and English articles from over 100 periodicals. 
  
  
• Canadian Periodical Index (CPI.Q) (covering 1988 to present)
  Indexes more than 400 titles with full text articles from over 160 of these periodicals (covering 1995 to present) as well as Gale Research reference data and the full text of selected sections of The Globe and Mail. CPI.Q indexes indexes Canadian and international journals, magazines, newspapers, and other references covering a broad range of topics, from current affairs and technology to arts and culture, geography, history, business, and more.
  
  
• Canadian Research Index (1982 to the present)
  Provides access to Canadian government publications at the municipal, provincial and federal levels. It includes scientific and technical reports, statistical reports, policy papers and annual reports. The Microlog microfiche number (MN) can be used to locate the documents, which are available in the Microlog microfiche collection. 
  
  
• Criminal Justice Abstracts
  Covers the major journals in criminology and related disciplines, books, and reports from government and nongovernmental agencies. For each document, a summary of the findings, methodology, and conclusions is provided. Topics include crime trends, prevention projects, corrections, juvenile delinquency, police, courts, offenders, victims, and sentencing.  
  
  
• First Nations Periodical Index
  Indexes 20 Aboriginal newspapers, journals, and magazines, of mainly Canadian Native content. A joint project of the Saskatchewan Indian Federated College, Saskatoon Campus, the Saskatchewan Indian Cultural Centre and the Library Services for Saskatchewan Aboriginal Peoples committee.
  
  
• Index to Canadian Legal Literature (1987 to the present)
  Indexes of journals, law reports, theses, books, book reviews, essay collections and Canadiana Forthcoming Books.  Contains approximately 50,000 records dating back to 1987.
  
  
• Index to Legal Periodicals and Books (August 1981 to the present) 
  Indexes articles from more than 615 legal periodicals and indexes some 2000 law books per year.  Periodical coverage includes law reviews, bar association journals, university publications, yearbooks, institutes, and government publications. It covers all areas of jurisprudence, new legislation, and original scholarship. 

*Click here for a complete list of U of A databases that you can use to find journal articles on Native Studies(http://www.library.ualberta.ca/subject/nativestudies/index.cfm)

Resources for Getting Started

Online Resources

Analysis & Commentary

• Treaty Guides: Indian and Northern Affairs Canada
  For each of the Canadian treaties, the treaty guide gives the historical background of the treaty, information about its development, interpretations and implications of the treaty and gives bibliography of related books.
  
  
• Report of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples: Treaties Section
  Reviews the establishment of the treaties, their implementation, their impact on issues like self-governance. Part of volume 2 of this report.
  
  
• Canada in the Making: Aboriginals, Treaties & Relations
  This is a historical introduction to the treaties and their impact. It is organized by historical period and includes links to many digitized archival documents in their collection. Developed by Canadiana.org.
  
  
• First Nation Land Surrenders on the Prairies 1896-1911
  A detailed report from the Indian Claims Commission on the First Nations land surrenders during this period. The report examines the political & economic background and the government measures taken to promote land surrender. To see the table of contents, open the executive summary section.
  
  
• Hard Bargains: The Making of Treaty 8
  Part of Library & Archives Canada, this article discusses the development and promotion of Treaty 8 including the events leading to the signing. Includes reference list.
  
  
• Treaty 8: 1899-1999
  A virtual exhibit on this treaty. It includes some digitizied archival documents and images.
  
  

Treaty Rights & Claims in Canada

• Indian Claims Commission: Completed Inquiry and Mediation Reports
  PDF documents of the completed inquiry and mediations reports: listed by First Nations tribal group and including the subject of the dispute.
  
  
• Declaration of Metis and Indian Rights: 1979
  HTML version of the Declaration of Metis and Indian Rights document that was approved by the Board of Directors of the Native Council of Canada (NCC) on March 19, 1979. Includes a commentary by Harry W. Daniels.
  
  
• Metis Land Rights in Canada
  A report done by Joseph Eliot Magnet, a Canadian law professor for the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples. It looks at Métis land rights from a historical legal perspective.
  
  
• UBC First Nations Studies Program: Land Claims & Governance
  Audio and Video archive of the 2005 Internet Speakers Series on Land Claims and Governance presented by the UBC's First Nations Studies Program. Eighteen speakers in eight sessions investigated the history and status of land claims and associated governance agreements in British Columbia.

American Treaties

• Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties
  

  Online version of a 7 volume compilation of U.S. treaties & laws pertaining to Native American Indian tribes. It covers U.S. Government treaties and laws from 1778 to 1970. Site is hosted by Oklahoma State University Library.

  
  
• Indian Land Cessions in the United States, 1784-1894
  

  Information on the treaties and acts of congress authorizing land allotments or Indian land cessions. This collection includes 67 maps and can be browsed by date, tribe or state/territory.

• Native American Documents Project
  This site has digital versions of primary documents on federal Indian policy history focusing on Calfornia. Hosted by the California State University.
  
  
• Oneida Indian Nation's Treaties Project
  HTML full text of specific treaty documents which effect the Oneida Indian Nation in New York State.
  
  
• Point Elliott Treaty: Rights of Puget Sound Indians
  A criticism of the treaty of Point Elliott and its effects on traditional means of support (hunting & fishing). Originally published in 1915.
  

Bibliographies

• Corley, Nora Teresa.  Resources for native peoples studies.  Ottawa, ON : National Library of Canada, 1992.

E 78 C2 C79 1984 -- UA Rutherford N Flr 1 Reference

• De Puy, Henry Farr.  A Bibliography of the English Colonial Treaties with the American Indians; including a synopsis of each treaty.  New York, NY: AMS Press, 1971.

E 95 Z9 D42 1971 -- UA Rutherford N Flr 3

• Fritz, Linda.  Native Law Bibliography.  Saskatoon, SK: Native Law Centre, 1990.

KF 8205 A1 F919 1990 -- UA Rutherford N Flr 1 Reference

• Indian Claims in Canada: An Introductory Essay and Selected lIst of Library Holdings.  Ottawa, ON : Indian Claims Commission, 1975.

E 92 C262 1975 -- UA Rutherford N Flr 1 Reference

• Indian Claims in Canada: Supplementary Bibliography.  Ottawa, ON : Indian Claims Commission, 1979.

E 92 Z9 C22 1979 -- UA Rutherford N Flr 1 Reference

• Select Bibliography on Canadian Indina Treaties and related subjects.  Ottawa, ON : Indian and Northern Affairs, 1979.

GOV DOC CA1 R32-5/1979 -- UA Rutherford S Flr 2

• Storey, Dorothy S.  A Bibliography of Treaties with the Indians of Canada included in government documents from the earliest times to 1933.  n.p., 1934.

E 95 Z9 S88 -- UA Rutherford N Flr 1 Reference 

• Surtees, Robert J.  Canadian Indian Policy: A Critical Bibliography.  Bloominton, IN: Newberry Library, Indiana University Press, 1982.

E 92 Z9 S96 1982 -- UA Rutherford N Flr 3

Other

• Asch, Michael.  Home and Native Land : Aboriginal Rights and the Canadian Constitution.  Vancouver, BC : UBC Press, 1993.